Electrical motor



Patented Apr. 9, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT or -"lcs Trust Company, executor of Bott, deceased said George R.

Application July 28, 1936, krial No. 93,108

19 Claims.

The present invention relates to electrical motors.

An object of this invention is to provide an electrical motor which may be cheaply constructed, is small, compact, relatively light in weight and of simple construction so that it may be used for operating a razor or shaving device such as is disclosed in my co-pending application, and which lends itself readily for use in inexpensive advertising mechanisms, small ice cream mixing or stirring devices for household iceless refrigerators, for small hand drills for home workshops, for clock winding motors, manicure power sets, windshield wipers, and other small mechanisms where low cost is a factor, and wherein another important factor is the provision of a motor of high torque at low speed.

Another feature of the present invention is to provide a novel, economical and positive drive or clutch mechanism in a motor for converting vibratory motion into rotary movement with a reduction in speed and a consequent ,relatively high torque, and wherein the conversion is such that the rotary movement is constant and imperceptible as to vibration during the use of the motor.

A further object of the invention is to provide a small, light and compact motor embodying the above characteristics and which he wound fo practical voltage, such as 110 volts, and vii operable on alternating or direct curre With the foregoing and other objects in view,

the invention will be more fully described here" inafter, and will he more particularly pointed out in the claims appended hereto.

In the drawing, wherein like symbols refer to like or corresponding parts throughout the several views- Figure 1 is a longitudinal section taken through a motor constructed according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a like view taken axially at right angles to the showing in Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a rear end elevation of the motor.

Figure 4 is a front end elevation thereof.

Figure 5 is a transverse section taken through the rear end portion of the motor substantially on the line 5-5 of Figure 2.

Figure 6 is a diagrammatic view of the motor circuit, and

Figure 7 is a transverse section taken through the convertible motion clutch on the line 1-1 of Figure 2.

Referring now to the drawing the motor is provided with a suitable casing or housing 20 which, in the present instance, is shown as of cylindrical form, although any other suitable configuration or material may be resorted to. The forward or outer end of the casing 20 has fitted therein a cap 2| which is removably mounted on the casing and may be held in place in any suitable manner, such as by a snap ring 22 seated in an annular seat or bead 23 which opens outwardly of the casing, as shown in Figure 1. The inner end of the cap seats against a block or bar 24 which is secured within the casing by screws 25, pins, or the like which may extend inwardly through the wall of the casing 20. The outer-end of the cap 2| is reduced in diameter and carries a bearing block 26 disposed coaxially with the casing 20 and cap 2| and in which is mounted a drive shaft 21. The drive shaft 21 may be connected to any suitable mechanism or device adapted to be operated by the motor.

The inner end of the shaft 21 is provided with an internally toothed ratchet wheel or ring 28 which lies within the inner end of the cap adjacent the bar 24. Turning of the ring 28 rotates the shaft 27. A thrust hearing, in the form of a ball 22, may be disposed in the inner end of the shalt 3! for engaging a plug or pin 30 which is disposed centrally of the ratchet ring 28 and which a rearwardly projecting stem which through the central portion of the The rear end of the motor casing is by a cap 32 which may constructed of moulded insulating material, such as ruhhe Bakelite, or a composition, and which preferably is flanged and fitted into the rear end of the motor casing. Seated against the inner end of the cap 32 is preferably a micarta disc 33 providing a base for supporting brackets 34 extending forwardly in the housing 20 and upon which is mounted a coil magnet 35. The forward. end of the coil 35 is provided with a pair of opposed spring clamping arms 36 which at their outer ends are crimped or headed to provide gripping jaws for engagement in seats or recesses 31 formed in the opposite sides of the cross bar 24 for thepurpose of detachably holding the mag net coil 35 in fixed position in the casing.

Disposed at opposite sides of the coil magnet 35 is a pair of vibratory arms 38 which are yieldably and resiliently mounted at the forward end of the coil 35 by means of spring arms 39 at ,tached to front end field coil 35. The outer ends, or free ends, of the arms 38 which comprise armatures, are relatively free and have a greater amplitude of movement than the forward spring mounted ends of the arms 38. The free ends of the arms 38 are preferably reduced in width and extend through radial slots 46 provided in the base disc 33, the slots 40 permitting the arms 38 to vibrate freely under the impulse of the coil magnet 35. The free reduced ends of the armatures 38 are interconnected by a light semicylindrical spring 4|, best shown in Figure 5, which actuated by the vibrating movement of the two armatures 38 actuates the electrical make and break contact points of the electrical system.

In order to introduce a current to the motor, the removable outer end cap 32 is provided with a pair of spaced apart sockets 42 which are connected respectively to the two wires of the cable 43 supplying current to the motor. The sockets 42 are so positioned that as the cap 32 is fitted upon the casing 20 the sockets engage over and receive therein connecting posts or prongs 44 which are mounted upon the rear side of the motor stabilizing disc 33. As shown in Figures 5 and 6, one of the prongs 44 is connected to the magnet coil 35 and to one side of a condenser 45 preferably mounted upon the forward side of the centering disc 33 and is also in electrical communication with a fixed contact 46. The semi-cylindrical spring 4| carries a movable but insulated contact 41 disposed opposite to the fixed contact 46 and the movable contact 41 is connected by a flexible wire 48 to the opposite prong or plug 44 which leads to the condenser 45.

The armatures or arms 38 are adapted to vibrate on their springs 39 and in order to transmit and convert the vibratory movement of the armatures 38 to the ring 28 pawls are provided, the same being preferably in the form oi. fine wire brushes of bronze bristles or other suitable material to withstand wear, to have the necessary stiifness, and to also provide the required resiliency for operation of the ring 28 by the vibration of the pawls 49. Each pawl 49 is mounted upon the forward end of an arm 50. The arms 50 are secured one to each of the armatures 38, and preferably near the springs 39 which act as fulcrums so that the amplitude of movement at the end of the arms 58 is reduced in inverse ratio as compared with the movement of the free or outer ends of the armatures. The arms 50 are riveted or otherwise suitably secured to the respective armatures 38 and are preferably bent at right angles thereto, asshown in Figures 1 and 2 to dispose the arms 50 at the opposite sides of the cross bar 24 and with the arms extending outwardly into the ring 28.

In operation, when the field coil 35 is energized the armatures 38 vibrate and, incident to the make and break points 46 and 41, either direct or alternating current may be used. The rate of vibration of the armatures 38 may be approximately 3600 per minute, and this rapid vibra-- tion produces a practically continuous succession of power strokes of the armatures which are.

transmitted in reduced amplitude through the arms 50 and their pawls 49 to the internally toothed ratchet wheel or ring 28. As the arms 50 are located adjacent the suspension springs 39 of the armatures, the amplitude of movement of the arms 50 with their pawls 49 is relatively small. The result, through this system of leverages and utilizing the amplitude of vibration at the forward end of the arm 50, is an increased power torque at the ring 28 and a relaively slow turning thereof, which may be from 60 to revolutions per minute. The rapid action of the pawls 49 produces a clutch which, while of the reciprocating intermittent type, is practically continuous and transmits a relatively high torque as compared with the size and power exerted upon the armatures 38.

It is readily apparent from the above description that the present motor embodies the important features in admitting of the quick assembling of the various parts thereof by merely snapping the field coil 35 and cooperating parts in place so that the spring Jaws 36 detachably engage the cross bar 24 and hold the unit firmly centered in the casing 20. The base disc 33, which is connected to the field coil by the brackets 34, is moved into place with the coil so as to hold the latter tightly and centered in the casing, and the inner end cap 32 is adapted to be snapped into position and at the same time closing the contacts which close the circuit through the motor. This admits of the quick and easy assembling of the unit parts which are provided with the motor of this invention.

It is obvious that various changes and modifications may be made in the details of construction and design of the above specifically described embodiment of this invention without departing from the spirit thereof, such changes and modifications being restricted only by the scope of the following claims.

What is claimed is:

1. An electric motor comprising a field member having a core, an armature member mounted for movement by one end of said field member core actuating one end of the armature member, pivotal supporting means for said armature member at the other end of said field member for supporting the other end of the armature member, the amplitude of the movements of the armature member being less at the pivotal support than at the opposite end of the armature, an extension arm on the armature member adjacent said pivotal support and between the ends of said armature member, said extension arm extending beyond the pivotal support and beyond the field member and at substantially right angles to the armature member itself, being shaped substantially at a right angle, whereby the free end of the extension arm partakes of the short amplitude of movement as the armature member adjacent the pivotal support, and means connected with the free end of the extension arm for rotating under the amplitudes of said free end, said last named means including a circular member having internal circumferentially disposed ratchet teeth, a shaft for said member, the axis of the shaft being substantially in alignment with the longitudinal axis of the field member, and a pawl on the free end of the extension arm engaging said ratchet teeth.

2. An electric motor comprising a field coil, a pair of armatures spring mounted at one end of the coil and extending along the sides thereof, an arm mounted on each armature, a pawl carried by each arm, said arms and pawls adapted to vibrate in reduced amplitude with the armatures when the field coil is energized, a shaft, an internal ratchet ring enclosing said pawls upon said shaft, said pawls adapted to reciprocate against the toothed inner portion of the ring for turning the latter by the movement of the armatures.

3. In an electric motor, a field coil, a pair of armatures spring mounted at opposite sides of the coil and within the field thereof for ibrat- (I the latter by the vibrations of the armatures,'

ing the armatures when the coii'is energized, an arm carried .upon each armature and extending outwardly of the coil, a pawl mounted upon each of said arms, a ratchet ring enclosing thepawls for receiving the latter against the teeth of the ring, and a shaft connected to the ring to turn therewith, said ring adapted to be turned at a relatively hightorque by the vibration of the arma-" in the casing havingspring laws for detachable engagement with said bar, a pair of armatures disposed at opposite sides of the field coil, a

spring for the forward end of each armature mounted on the forward end of the coil, the outer ends of the armatures adapted to vibrate freely when the coil is energized, and a pawl holder having a pawl therein mounted on each armature near its forward end and extending at opposite sides of the bar into said ratchet ring, said pa-wls adapted to engage the ring and turn the same when the armatures are vibrated.

5. A motor comprising a casing, a capfitted to the outer end of the -casing, a shaft mounted through said cap and having an internal ratchet ring at its inner end, a bar secured transversely in the casing near said cap, a field coil having spring jaws engaging the opposite sides of said bar to detachably hold the field coil in the easing, a pair of armatures spring mounted at their forward ends upon the field coil and adapted to vibrate at their outer ends when the field coil is energized, a pair of pawls'carried upon the armatures and engaging in said ring for turning a rear end cap detachably fitted to the rear end of said casing for closing the same, a supporting disc seated in said cap, and two-part separable contacts carried by the rear end cap and said .supporting disc to'close the circuit through the motor when the cap is fitted to the casing. 6. An electric motor comprising a casing having front and rear end caps, a cross bar mounted in the forward end -of the casing, a shaft journaled through the outer end cap and having an internal ratchet ring on its inner end, a field coil disposed in the casing having opposed spring jaws at its outer end for detachable engagement with said cross barto hold the field coil removably in the casing, a pair of armatures carried by the field coil at opposite sides thereof and adapted to vibrate when the coil is energized, pawls carried by said armatures extending into said ratchet ring to engage the teeth thereof and turn the ring when the armatures are vibrated, and cable connections carried by the rear end cap and said feed coil for interconnection between the fitting of said rear end cap to the casing.

7. An electric motor comprising a casing havhaving circuit closing connections for the field coil magnet.

8. A magnetic motor comprising a field magnet having a pair of armatures at opposite sides mounted for movement on one end of the magnet,

a casing having a cross bar in its forward end,

a pair of spring jaws mounted on the forwardend of the field coil for detachable engagement with 5 said cross bar to hold the field coil in the casing, pawls carried by the armatures, a shaft carried by the casing having an internal ratchet wheel receiving'said brushes therein, a rear end cap detachably fitted to the casing, and circuit con- 0 nections carried by said rear end cap and the field coil for closing a circuit through the latter when the cap is fitted to the rear end of the casing.

9. A motor comprising a casing having an an.- 15

choring member in its forward end, a field coil disposed in the casing and having clamping jaws for detachable engagement with the anchoringmember to hold the field coil in the casing, a pair of armaturesspring mounted at opposite sides of the magnet coil, an arm mounted on the armature and extending forwardly of the field coil, a pawl carried upon each arm, a yoke spring con-' necting the outer ends of said armatures for movement as a unit, make and break connections carried by the field coil and said yoke, a forward end cap on the casing, a shaft in said cap having an internal ratchet ring for receiving said brushes therein to turn the ring and shaft upon the vibration of the armatures, a rear end cap detachably fitted to the casing, and electric circuit connections carried by the field coil and the rear end cap for interengagement upon the fitting of the rear end cap in place.

10. In an electric motor, the combination of a field coil, vibratory armatures, said armatures .being disposed at substantially diametrically opposite sides of the field coil and normally spaced therefrom in their away positions, electric connections for the field coil to energize the same, a 40 contact electrically connected with'one of said. electric connections, and a spring band connecting said armatures and contacting with said contact for closing the motor circuit, whereby the motor becomes self-starting upon supply of elecd8 tric energy to the motor circuit.

ii. In an electric motor, the combination of an elongated casing having an opening in the front thereof, a transverse bar within the casing and extending across the same, a shaft passing 80 throughthe front opening of the casing, at one side of said bar, a field coil, an armature for the I field coil, both coil and armature being within the casing at the other side of said bar, means between th armature and shaft for transmitting 68, motion from the armature to the shaft, said means'including parts separable from each other, and spring jaws atone end of the field coil for detachably engaging the field coil with said bar for holding the field coil to the bar, whereby the 00 field coil and armature may be removed from the casing with the separable parts of said motion transmitting means by disengaging the spring Jaws from the bar.

12. In an electric motor, a fild coil, an armature vibrated by the coil when the same is energized, an arm carried by'said armature, a pawl, means mounted upon said arm for supporting the pawl, a ratchet ring. for enclosing said pawl for receiving the latter against the teeth of the ring, and a shaft connected to the ring to turn therewith, said ring adapted to be turned at a relatively high torque by the'vibration of the armature when said field coil is energized.

13. An electric motor comprising a casing of 15 elongated form, a head cap and a bottom cap for said casing, a field coil within the casing, electric supply means for said field coil passing through said bottom cap, an armature extending along the field coil for vibration by the coil and actuated at one end of the field coil, means pivoting said armature to the other end of the coil, an extension arm mounted on said armature and extending beyond said pivot point away from the field coil and having a shorter length than the armature and shaft within the casing and extending exteriorly thereof through said head cap, and means actuated by said extension arm to translate vibratory motion thereof to rotary movement of said shaft, said caps, field unit, translating means and shaft being arranged coaxially with the axis of the casing.

l l. An electric motor comprising a casing of elongated form, a removable cap for one end of the casing, electric supply means in said cap, two separate contact members on the inner side of said cap, contact members within the casing adapted to electrically contact with each of said contact members when said cap is applied to the casing, a field coil connected with'said casing contact members, an armature vibrated by said field coil, means translating the vibratory movement of the armature to rotary movement, and a shaft extending exteriorly of the casing and rotated by said rotary movement.

15. An electric motor comprising a casing of elongated form, a removable cap for one end of the casing, electric supply means in said cap, two separate contact members on the inner side of said cap, contact members within the casing adapted to be electrically connected with said contact members when said cap is applied to said casing, a circular spring band connected at each end with said armature, a contact piece on one of said casing contact members normally in contact with the middle part of the band, a field coil connected with said casing contact members, an armature vibrated by said field coil, means translating the vibratory movement of the armature to rotary movement, and a shaft extending exteriorly of the casing rotated by said rotary movement.

16. An electric motor comprising an elongated field coil, an armature arm extending along the length of the coil, a circular shaped resilient member having a contact piece connected with one end of said armature arm at right angles thereto, an armature on the free end of said resilient member, a contact piece on said field coil, a pivotal support for the end of the armature arm which is free of said resilient member and armature, an extension on said armature arm beyond the pivotal support and away from the armature arm, and means connected with the end of said extension arm for receiving the vibratory movement of the free end of said extension arm.

17. An electric motor comprising a field coil, a contact piece at one end of said field coil, a second contact piece adapted to cooperate with the contact piece of the field coil, a support for said second contact piece, said support having a circular shape, a lever connected with one end of said circular shaped support at one end of the lever, a pivotal support for the other end of said lever, and an extension arm connected with said lever beyond said pivotal support, the free end of the extension rod being adapted to receive vibratory movements when one of said contact pieces is actuated in respect to the other.

18. An electric motor comprising a field coil, a contact piece at one end of said field coil, a second contact piece adapted to cooperate with the contact piece of the field'coil, a support for said second contact piece, said support having a circular shape, a lever connected with one end of said circular shaped support at one end of the lever, a pivotal support for the other end of said lever, an extension arm connected with said lever beyond said pivotal support, the free end of the extension rod being adapted to receive vibratory movements when one of said contact pieces is actuated in respect to the other, a winding for said field coil, a condenser, and electrical conductors connecting the contact pieces with said winding and said condenser.

19. An electric motor comprising a field coil, 9. contact piece at one end of said field coil, a second contact piece adapted to cooperate with the contact piece of the field coil, 2. support for said second contact piece, said support having a circular shape, a lever connected with one end of said circular shaped support at one end of the lever, a pivotal support for the other end of said lever, an extension arm connected with said lever beyond said pivotal support, the iree end of the extension rod being adapted to receive vibratory movements when one of said contact pieces is actuated in respect to the other, a winding for said field coil, a condenser, electrical conductors connecting the contact pieces with said winding and said condenser, a casing for the aforesaid members, a detachable cap for said casing, a supply conductor passing through said cap and having its walls connected with electrical conducting members, and electrical conducting members at the end of said field coil, disposed in respect to the electrical conducting members on the cap so as to be in contact therewith when the cap is applied to the casing.

GEORGE R. BOTT. 

